How Long Will It Run

How long will a 13.5 kWh battery last in a power cut?

A full 13.5 kWh battery runs the essentials (fridge-freezer, heating controls, broadband, lights and phones) for about 4 days 12 h in a British home and 2 days 7 h in an American home with a gas furnace. Run the whole house as normal and it lasts about 40 h 14 min (UK) or 10 h 4 min (US).

A Powerwall or a GivEnergy All in One. Keep it to the fridge, the internet and the lights and it stretches to about 5 days 12 h. How full it is when the power goes matters as much as its size: see the half-full and reserve columns.

By what you keep running

British home · typical case · no solar
What it runsFullHalf fullAt a 20% reserve
Fridge, internet, lights and phones5 days 12 h2 days 18 h26 h 26 min
The essentials, with the heating4 days 12 h2 days 6 h21 h 39 min
Essentials, heating, cooking and TV2 days 22 h34 h 53 min13 h 58 min
The whole house, as normal40 h 14 min20 h 7 min8 h 3 min
American home · typical case · no solar
What it runsFullHalf fullAt a 20% reserve
Fridge, internet, lights and phones4 days 23 h2 days 12 h23 h 50 min
The essentials, with the heating2 days 7 h27 h 25 min10 h 58 min
Essentials, heating, cooking and TV45 h 9 min22 h 34 min9 h 2 min
The whole house, as normal10 h 4 min5 h 2 min2 h 1 min

Heating means the gas boiler's pump, fan and controls, on for ten hours a day. The gas does the heating; the battery only runs the electrics. Heating means a gas furnace's blower and controls, on for ten hours a day. The blower is the big draw; the gas does the heating.

One appliance on its own

For a single job, such as keeping a freezer cold, a 13.5 kWh battery goes a long way. Heaters and car charging are the opposite. Each runs all day and night here, cycling as it normally would.

British figures · full battery · typical case, including about 30 W for the battery system itself
On its ownAverage drawRuns for
Fridge-freezer (full size)42 W7 days 8 h
Chest freezer40 W7 days 13 h
Gas combi boiler (its electrics)51 W6 days 13 h
Space heater, 1,500 W1,500 W8 h 17 min
Electric car (3-pin "granny" charger)2,300 W5 h 27 min
American figures · full battery · typical case, including about 30 W for the battery system itself
On its ownAverage drawRuns for
Fridge-freezer (full size)53 W6 days 10 h
Chest freezer48 W6 days 19 h
Gas furnace (blower and controls)300 W38 h 27 min
Sump pump240 W47 h
Well pump (1/2 hp)200 W2 days 7 h
Window air conditioner, 8,000 BTU490 W24 h 24 min
Space heater, 1,500 W1,500 W8 h 17 min

With solar that works in a power cut

If the panels keep charging the battery in a cut (they need a system built for it), a sunny day tops it up. With 4 kWp of panels in the south of England, an average day's sun covers the essentials in every month except December. These are averages. A week of thick cloud, common in a British winter, can cut the panels to a fraction of this, so in the darker months plan on the battery alone and count the sun as a bonus.

Essentials with heating · a 4 kWp array · London, 51.5°N · an average day's sun ("keeps going" means the panels cover a day's use)
MonthStarting full
JanKeeps going
FebKeeps going
MarKeeps going
AprKeeps going
MayKeeps going
JunKeeps going
JulKeeps going
AugKeeps going
SepKeeps going
OctKeeps going
NovKeeps going
Dec22 days 18 h

With 7 kW of panels in the US south-east, where the furnace is the big draw, an average day's sun covers the essentials in every month.

Essentials with heating · a 7 kWp array · Atlanta, 33.7°N · an average day's sun ("keeps going" means the panels cover a day's use)
MonthStarting full
JanKeeps going
FebKeeps going
MarKeeps going
AprKeeps going
MayKeeps going
JunKeeps going
JulKeeps going
AugKeeps going
SepKeeps going
OctKeeps going
NovKeeps going
DecKeeps going

How full is it when the power goes?

A home battery spends most days charging and discharging to save money, so a power cut finds it at whatever level it happens to be. In the evening in winter that can be close to empty. Most systems let you set a backup reserve that the battery will not use on ordinary days (Tesla calls it Backup Reserve; GivEnergy's app has a similar minimum charge for its emergency supply). The tables here show a full battery, a half-full one, and one sitting at a 20% reserve.

If a storm is forecast, charge it to full. Tesla's Storm Watch does this automatically when a weather warning is issued for your area; on other systems you raise the reserve or force a charge in the app.

Batteries this size

No home battery? A power station for the essentials

A portable power station does the same job for the things that plug in, without an installer. The biggest ones hold a third to a half of a home battery. Here is how long each runs the fridge-freezer, the heating, the broadband, the lights and the phones, starting full:

Typical case · Essentials with heating
Power stationCapacityUK homeUS home
Zendure SuperBase V64006,438 Wh40 h 34 min19 h 50 min
EcoFlow DELTA Pro Ultra6,144 Wh39 h 47 min19 h 43 min
Jackery Explorer 5000 Plus5,040 Wh34 h 48 min16 h 41 min
Zendure SuperBase V46004,608 Wh31 h 13 min15 h 7 min
EcoFlow DELTA Pro 34,096 Wh27 h 45 min13 h 26 min

The boiler or furnace is the catch: it is usually wired in, not plugged in, so a power station can only run it through a socket or a changeover switch an electrician fits. The boiler guide and the furnace guide explain how. Each station page has the full numbers and where to buy it.

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These are estimates from the site's model, not a maker's claim: stored energy × 94% through the inverter ÷ (what the house draws on average + about 30 W for the battery system itself). The sum is explained here.